Which type of immunity typically develops after vaccination or infection?

Active immunity is the type of immunity that typically develops after vaccination or as a result of an infection. This form of immunity occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen, either through vaccination (which introduces antigens in a safe form) or through a natural infection. In response to this exposure, the body produces its own antibodies and activates specific immune cells, leading to a prolonged protective effect. This means that once the body has developed active immunity, it can effectively recognize and combat the pathogen in future encounters.

Natural immunity refers to immunity acquired through natural processes, like infection, but does not specifically include the protective aspect granted by vaccinations. Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to child during breastfeeding, and does not require the recipient's immune system to generate their own antibodies. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense and includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as certain immune cells, but it does not involve the adaptive and specific response that characterizes active immunity.